Overview :-

Hair is the symbol of beauty and virility. Hair loss has great impact on psycology and the personality of a person. There are several ways to treat hair loss but the permanent method is hair transplant surgery.

Follicular unit transplant (FUT/Strip surgery)

This gives a natural looking anterior hair line. Hair from the back of the scalp is taken along with the skin and the follicular units are separated under magnification. These units are implanted in the bald areas. The skin at the back is closed primarily by suturing. Earlier the donor site scars were bad but with trichophytic closure hair grows through the scar and the scar is hidden.

Follicular unit extraction (FUE)

In this method, Follicular units are extracted directly from the scalp using motorised/manual punches. The size of the punch ranges from 0.8mm to 1.2mm. Advantage is no preparations of the follicles are required and they are implanted straight away. There is no donor site incision or suturing.
FUT vs FUE- Both FUT and FUE give the same cosmetic appearance. The difference is the harvesting technique. The implantation method is same in both the techniques. Both procedures are done under local anaesthesia.
No hospitalisation is required as the entire procedure is done under local anaesthesia. Medications are only for 4-5 days. Head bath is allowed after 4 days. In FUT donor site sutures are removed after 10 days.
Complications :- Infection, epidermal cysts formations are rare. The scabs formation is rare if so it may clear off within 2 weeks. One must not pull the scabs away as the transplanted follicles may come off.

Result:-

The shaft of transplanted hair usually fall off after 3 weeks, leaving the root in place. The hairs start to grow from these roots, giving a natural appearance to the patient. The result will be evident within 6 to 8 months.

The nose may be small or large, or crooked, or prominent, or may have a hump. The nostrils (ala) may be very prominent or flaring. The tip of the nose may be bulbous or amorphous. The nose may be too short or the tip may be hanging. Often the septum may be deviated causing obstruction to breathing.

All the above problems are addressed by rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure to modify (improve or correct) the appearance of the nose. Rhinoplasty is the commonest surgical procedure done on the face.Get the best treatment for Rhinoplasty at Patna Plastic Surgery Clinic .

Surgical procedure

Rhinoplasty involves correcting the skeletal architecture of the nose. One may sometimes need to use the cartilage harvested from the ear or ribs during rhinoplasty. After rhinoplasty the patient will have a splint on the nose for eight days. There will be some swelling in the nose after the surgery, which will settle in a few weeks time. The patient has to avoid vigorous physical exercise for a month after surgery.

Prominent breast in the male can be very distressing. This is a very common problem not associated with any disease. Very often the patient may be obese. Gynecomastia is sometimes seen in body builders and athletes when they take hormonal preparations unscientifically. In some cases gynecomastia may be a manifestation of endocrine disease.
It can be corrected with a minimal invasive procedure of Liposuction + Gland excision technique. The patient has to avoid strenuous exercise involving the shoulder for a month following the surgery.

A bulging, flabby, shapeless tummy is unsightly. In many patients especially after pregnancy there is a lot of loose skin, the abdominal muscles are flabby and the tummy does not reduce in spite of diet and exercise. The patient often has back pain. Abdominoplasty helps to give a better shape to the abdomen (tummy).

Surgical procedure

An incision is made in the skin crease below the panty line. The muscles are tightened, the excess skin is removed and liposuction is done to contour the abdomen. Often the patient will also have excess fat producing the tires and banana rolls in the back. This is also addressed along with the abdominoplasty by liposuction to give the patient a shapely torso.

This is an excellent procedure for contouring (shaping) the body. Liposuction is not a procedure for weight reduction but it is used to remove asymmetric fat depositions in the body.
Liposuction is commonly used for correcting-
1. Double chin
2. Tires in the back
3. Banana rolls
4. Reduce the size of the buttocks
5. Saddle bags
6. Shape of the thighs
7. Love handles
8. Reduce and sculpt the tummy

As you get older the following changes develop in the face which makes you look older and tired.
1. Lines and creases develop in the neck.
2. A double chin is formed.
3. The tight jaw line is lost and jowls develop.
4. The cheeks sag or hollow out.
5. The eyes look tired.
6. The eye brows start to sag.
Friends often tell you that you look tired even though you are not tired. Surgical facial rejuvenation techniques address these problems and give you a fresh look. After the surgery you often get to appear about ten years younger. The techniques are aimed at long lasting results.

Very often the volume depletion in the face gives you an older look. The cheek often becomes hollowed out. The entire face can be made to look more youthful by correcting the volume depletion by fat injection. This procedure does not produce any scar.

Fat is harvested by liposuction from the abdomen, thigh etc., processed and then re injected in a specialized way into the face so as to give a more full and youthful appearance.

Genioplasty

The chin may appear wide and less prominent or may be very prominent. This is corrected by genioplasty. This may involve remodeling the bone or use of implants.

Double chin

Double chin often gives a disgusting look. Correction would involve liposuction and also muscle tightening procedure.

Cosmetic Breast Surgery is used to enhance appearance of the breast. Women may feel awkward if they have mistake in breast. There are various Cosmetic Breast Surgery for various conditions. Consulting a plastic surgeon will tell you which option is better for the condition. Most common surgeries at Patna Plastic Surgery Clinic are :
• Breast Augmentation
• Mastopexy (lift)
• Breast Reduction
• Male Breast
• Axillary Breast

Breast Augmentation

Many women are unhappy when their breasts are very small. Sometimes the breasts can be atropic and empty after pregnancy. The breasts can be augmented and made fuller by breast augmentation. The most popular way of doing this is by using breast implant. However in selected patients breast augmentation can be done using one’s own fat (fat injection).
Brest augmentation can be done through:
1. Infra mammary incision: An insignificant 5 cms scar is made in the skin crease under the breast.
2. Axillary incision: The scar is made in the axilla(armpit)
3. Areolar incision: The scar is made at the junction between the skin and the areola.
The implant may be placed sub mammary or sub facial or sub muscular or in a dual plane depending on the case.

The shape and size of the lips give a vibrant appearance to the face. These lips can give you a cruel look. Very thin lips can be unaesthetic.
• Lip reduction
• Lip Augmentation

Lip Reduction

Thick lips can be made thinner by lip reduction surgery. The surgery is done under local anesthesia. There will be swelling of the lips following surgery which will settle in a few weeks time.

Lip Augmentation

Thin lips can be made thicker making them more attractive. This can be achieved in different ways. Surgical correction would involve fat grafting, or tissue augmentation. The same can be achieved non surgically using fillers.

• Brow Lift
• Blepharoplasty
• Ptosis surgery (Sleepy or droopy eyes)

Brow Lift

As we get older wrinkles forms in the forehead and the eyebrows sag. This often gives the patient a tired and sometimes angry look. The problem is taken care by a brow lift. The scar following a brow lift is hidden and hence not visible to another person.

Blepharoplasty

As we get older our eyes look tired. We develop bags in the upper and lower eyelids. The upper and lower eye lids may sag and give the face a tired look. The problem can be sorted out by blephoroplasty. This involves removing the excess fat, excision of the loose skin, tightening the muscles etc.
Surgical procedure
The procedure can be done under local or general anesthesia. The incisions are made in the skin crease area which makes the scar insignificant. The excess fat is removed. In selected cases the muscles need to be tightened.
There can be some amount of skin discoloration and puffiness of the eyes following the surgery. This will settle in a few weeks time.

 

• Otoplasty
• Ear Hole Correction

Otoplasty

Position, shape and size of the ears have a profound effect in the appearance of a person. A very common problem is prominent or protruding ears. These are called as bat ears. The ears appear to stick out. Correction of the same is called otoplasty. The surgery is done under by making an incision behind the ear and correcting the deformity in the cartilage. After this procedure the patient is often advised to wear a head band for a few weeks to avoid complications.

Ear Hole Correction

Often the piercing in the ear becomes a large hole from repeated use of ear rings. This may also sometimes affect the shape of the earlobe. The correction is done under local anesthesia and the patient can wear ear rings immediately after the surgery.

Botox

Botox injection is a very popular non surgical facial rejuvenation technique. However the results of this injection are temporary and one may need to take repeated injections. Botox injection helps to reduce or smoothen out the wrinkles in the forehead, crow’s feet in the sides of the eyes etc. Botox injection is an excellent way to correct masseteric hypertrophy. Masseteric hypertrophy gives the patient a square face. Injection of the botox can give a beautiful oval face.

Fillers

Commercially available fillers can be used to smoothen out irregularities in the face and also to give a youthful appearance.

After massive weight loss following bariatric surgery the chest, breast, tummy, arms and thighs may have unsightly folds in the skin. Post bariatric cosmetic surgery helps to correct this and give more youthful appearance

Hymenoplasty (Virginity Surgery)
Hymen is a mucosal membrane at the junction of vaginal introitus and canal, with a central opening for passage of menstrual blood. It is considered a sign of virginity in females. It can break due to several reasons, intercourse being the most common.
Hymenoplasty surgery restores the integrity of the hymen to the natural virgin looks. In cooperative patients, it can be done done under local anaesthesia and patient can be discharged 2-3 hours after surgery. After operation, absolute bed rest is not required and it takes 2 weeks for the hymen to soften & acquire natural features.

Complete Genital Rejevunation
Along with hymenoplasty, mons vaginal lift, tightening of vaginal canal, fat grafting of vaginal lips, trimming of labia majora may be needed for a complete genital rejevunation.

Hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder) including injury and infection. These may include injury to vital structures like tendon, nerves or vessels which often needs Microsurgery for its correction. Our centre is offering tendon repair, nerve repair, vessel repair with the help of microsurgery 24 X 7 so that the delay in treatment don’t affect the results.

Flap surgery is needed in case of complex limb injuries. Tissue from adjacent part or distant body parts are mobilized to be used as a flap to cover exposed bones and other vital structures.

Lip injuries are often encountered in cases of road traffic accidents or assaults. These can be repaired primarily or sometimes with complex reconstructive techniques.

Microstomia refers to small oral aperture which may be congenital or due to burn, trauma or idiopathic. Individuals with microstomia may experience problems with speech, oral intake, dental hygiene, facial expression, and difficulty inserting dental appliances. Additionally, this problem sometimes carries a cosmetic disfigurement that contributes to social isolation of the patient.

One common type of traumatic ear injury is a split earlobe. Most split earlobes occur gradually due to large or heavy earrings. In some instances, earlobes may be split due to trauma such as when an earring gets caught or pulled forcefully. Repair involves excision of the edges of the defect and careful rearrangement of the residual earlobe tissue to form a more conventional shape and contour.

As it is often cited “Once a burn patient, always a burn patient”, burn patients even after healing are left with deformities resulting in functional compromise as well as cosmetic disfigurement. These can be treated by excising the scarred tissue & resurfacing with skin grafts harvested from other parts of the body.

Any ulcer persisting for more than 4 weeks are often classified as non-healing ulcers. It may result from persisting infection, diabetes, vascular congestion or unknown causes. It often needs skin grafting or flap surgery to heal these wounds.

 

Cysts are fluid filled swellings which may occur anywhere on the body. It may result in cosmetic disfigurement or may get infected. These can be treated by excision & primary closure.

These are birth defects resulting in abnormal openings in lip and/or palate due to failure of fusion of facial structures during embryonic development. Cleft lip and palate is very treatable; however, the kind of treatment depends on the type and severity of the cleft.

Facial injuries resulting from fall from height or road traffic accidents are often associated with fractures of facial bones (mandible, maxilla, zygoma etc). These may result in functional compromise as well as cosmetic disfigurement. These can be treated with plating and/or IMF.

Arterio-Venous fistulas need to be created in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients for haemodialysis. It is often created in foream or elbow.